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For those readers interested in \ commercial use of the material in these notebooks, please contact \ jwarren@cs.rice.edu. 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Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Exact evaluation near extraordinary vertices", "Subsection"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Evaluation of running example", "Subsubsection", CellTags->"SUBSEC running example evaluation"], Cell[TextData[{ "Coefficients for expansion into eigenvector ", Cell[BoxData[ \(z\&_\_i\)]], " are ", Cell[BoxData[ \({3\/5, 3\/10, \(-\(9\/20\)\), 33\/20, 3\/5}\)]], ". Next, extend eigenvectors until until uniform rules apply" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"1", \(-4\), \(47\/3\), "60", "0"}, {"1", \(-3\), \(26\/3\), "24", "0"}, {"1", \(-2\), \(11\/3\), "6", "0"}, {"1", \(-1\), \(2\/3\), "0", "0"}, {"1", \(1\/3\), \(\(-2\)\/3\), "0", "0"}, {"1", "2", \(8\/3\), "0", "0"}, {"1", "4", \(44\/3\), "0", "48"}, {"1", "6", \(104\/3\), "0", "192"}, {"1", "8", \(188\/3\), "0", "480"} }], ")"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "Build a recursive implementation of B\[ODoubleDot]hm's algorithm.. For B\ \[Hyphen]spline of order ", Cell[BoxData[ \(n + 1\)]], ", pass a vector of ", Cell[BoxData[ \(n + 1\)]], " coefficients ", Cell[BoxData[ \(p\)]], " and vector of ", Cell[BoxData[ \(2 n\)]], " knots ", Cell[BoxData[ \(kn\)]], " centered around interval containing ", Cell[BoxData[ \(\[ScriptX]\)]], ". " }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(bohm[p_, kn_, \[ScriptX]_] := \[IndentingNewLine]If[ Length[p] \[Equal] 1, p\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket], \ \[IndentingNewLine]With[{n = Length[p] - 1}, \[IndentingNewLine]bohm[\[IndentingNewLine]Table[\(\((kn\ \[LeftDoubleBracket]n + i\[RightDoubleBracket] - \[ScriptX])\) p\ \[LeftDoubleBracket]i\[RightDoubleBracket] + \((\[ScriptX] - kn\ \[LeftDoubleBracket]i\[RightDoubleBracket])\) p\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1\ \[RightDoubleBracket]\)\/\(kn\[LeftDoubleBracket]n + i\[RightDoubleBracket] - \ kn\[LeftDoubleBracket]i\[RightDoubleBracket]\), {i, n}], \[IndentingNewLine]Join[ kn\[LeftDoubleBracket]Range[2, n]\[RightDoubleBracket], kn\[LeftDoubleBracket]Range[n + 1, 2 n - 1]\[RightDoubleBracket]], \[IndentingNewLine]\ \[ScriptX]]]]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True, CellTags->"EQN bohm's algorithm"], Cell[TextData[{ "Evaluate extensions of eigenvectors at ", Cell[BoxData[ \(\[ScriptX] \[Equal] 8\/3\)]], "." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \({bohm[{1, 1, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 8\/3], \[IndentingNewLine]bohm[{2, 4, 6, 8}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 8\/3], \[IndentingNewLine]bohm[{8\/3, 44\/3, 104\/3, 188\/3}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 8\/3], \[IndentingNewLine]bohm[{0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 8\/3], \[IndentingNewLine]bohm[{0, 48, 192, 480}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 8\/3]}\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \({1, 16\/3, 256\/9, 0, 4096\/27}\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "Apply theorem to compute values at ", Cell[BoxData[ \(\[ScriptX] \[Equal] 1\/3\)]], ", i.e. ", Cell[BoxData[ \({1, 2\/3, 4\/9, 0, 8\/27}\)]], ". Compute final value by multiplying by the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(c\_i\)]], "." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \({3\/5, 3\/10, \(-\(9\/20\)\), 11\/40, 1\/10} . {1, 2\/3, 4\/9, 0, 8\/27}\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(17\/27\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "Check our answer since ", Cell[BoxData[ \(S\)]], " is subdivision matrix for cubic B\[Hyphen]spline over knot sequence ", Cell[BoxData[ \({\[Ellipsis], \(-1\), \(-\(1\/2\)\), 0, 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]}\)]], "." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(bohm[{0, 1, 0, 0}, {\(-1\), \(-1\)\/2, 0, 1, 2, 3}, 1\/3]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(17\/27\)], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Closed]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Smoothness analysis at extraordinary vertices", "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["The characteristic map", "Subsection"], Cell["\<\ Plots of the effect of the characteristic map on the running example\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(S\&~[p_] := With[{n = Length[p] - 1}, 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Note that \ this does not involve rule at extraordinary vertex.\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"loopFun2", "=", RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {\(3\/8 + \(1\/8\) x + \(1\/8\) x\^\(-1\)\), "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8 + \(3\/8\) x\), \(1\/8\), "0"}, {\(5\/8 + \(1\/16\) x + \(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(1\/16 + \(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(1\/16\)} }], ")"}]}], ";"}]], "Input", InitializationCell->True, CellTags->"EQN loop gen fun"], Cell[TextData[{ "Compute ", Cell[BoxData[ \(\((3 n + 1)\)\[Times]\((3 n + 1)\)\)]], " subdivision matrix for two\[Hyphen]ring of extraordinary point of valence \ ", Cell[BoxData[ \(n\)]], ", use ", Cell[BoxData[ \(blockCirculant\)]], " as helper." }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(loopMatrix[ n_] := \[IndentingNewLine]AppendColumns[{Join[{1 - \ \ w[n]}, Table[w[n]\/n, {n}], Table[0, {2 n}]]}, \[IndentingNewLine]AppendRows[ Transpose[{Join[Table[3\/8, {n}], Table[1\/8, {n}], Table[1\/16, {n}]]}], blockCirculant[loopFun2, n]]]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True], Cell[TextData[{ "Example for valence ", Cell[BoxData[ \(4\)]], "." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(loopMatrix[4] // MatrixForm\)], "Input", CellTags->"EQN loop matrix"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[ RowBox[{"(", "\[NoBreak]", GridBox[{ {\(1 - w[4]\), \(w[4]\/4\), \(w[4]\/4\), \(w[4]\/4\), \(w[4]\/4\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/8\), "0", \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8\), \(1\/8\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8\), "0", \(1\/8\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8\), \(1\/8\), "0", \(1\/8\), \(3\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/8\), \(3\/8\), \(3\/8\), "0", "0", \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/8\), "0", \(3\/8\), \(3\/8\), "0", "0", \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/8\), "0", "0", \(3\/8\), \(3\/8\), "0", "0", \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/8\), \(3\/8\), "0", "0", \(3\/8\), "0", "0", "0", \(1\/8\), "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/16\), \(5\/8\), \(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), \(5\/8\), \(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", \(1\/16\), "0", "0"}, {\(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), \(5\/8\), \(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", \(1\/16\), "0"}, {\(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), \(5\/8\), "0", "0", \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", \(1\/16\)} }], "\[NoBreak]", ")"}], Function[ BoxForm`e$, MatrixForm[ BoxForm`e$]]]], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Eigenvalues for Loop's scheme", "Subsubsection", CellTags->"SUBSEC eigenvalues for loop"], Cell[TextData[{ "Compute eigenvalues of ", Cell[BoxData[ \(loopFun2\)]], " symbolically. 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\[IndentingNewLine]z = ans\/ans\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]; \ \[IndentingNewLine]Show[ Graphics[ Table[\[IndentingNewLine]{Line[{coord[0], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)]}]}, {i, 0, n - 1}]], AspectRatio \[Rule] Automatic]]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Display characteristic map for Catmull\[Hyphen]Clark", "Subsubsection"], Cell[TextData[{ "Define generating function matrix for CC scheme over three ring, vertex \ numbering is ", Cell[BoxData[ \(10, 11, 20, 12, 21, 22, 30, 13, 31, 23, 32, 33\)]], "." }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"ccFun3", "=", RowBox[{"(", StyleBox[GridBox[{ {\(3\/8 + \(1\/16\) x + \(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(1\/16 + \(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/4 + \(1\/4\) x\), \(1\/4\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(9\/16 + \(1\/64\) x + \(1\/64\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(3\/32 + \(3\/32\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(3\/32\), \(\(1\/64\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(1\/64\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/16 + \(3\/8\) x\), \(3\/8\), \(\(1\/16\) x\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8 + \(1\/16\) x\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/16\), "0", \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/32 + \(3\/32\) x\), \(9\/16\), \(1\/64 + \(1\/64\) x\), \(3\/32\), \(3\/32\), \(1\/64\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(3\/8\), \(1\/16 + \(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(3\/8\), \(\(1\/16\) x\^\(-1\)\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(\(1\/4\) x\), \(1\/4\), \(\(1\/4\) x\), \(1\/4\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/4\), \(1\/4\), \(1\/4\), "0", \(1\/4\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(\(1\/16\) x\), \(3\/8\), \(\(1\/16\) x\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {\(1\/16\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/16\), \(1\/16\), \(3\/8\), \(1\/16\ \), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"}, {"0", \(1\/4\), "0", \(1\/4\), \(1\/4\), \(1\/4\), "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"} }], GridBoxOptions->{ColumnAlignments->{Center}}], StyleBox[")", GridBoxOptions->{ColumnAlignments->{Center}}]}]}], StyleBox[";", GridBoxOptions->{ColumnAlignments->{Center}}]}]], "Input", InitializationCell->True, CellTags->"EQN catmull clark gen fun"], Cell[BoxData[ \(quadCharMap[ n_] := \[IndentingNewLine]Module[{\[Omega] = N[Cos[\(\(2\) \(\[Pi]\)\(\ \)\)\/n] + Sin[\(\(2\) \(\[Pi]\)\(\ \)\)\/n] \[ImaginaryI]], ans, z, c}, \[IndentingNewLine]ans = \(Eigensystem[ ccFun3 /. {x \[Rule] \[Omega]}]\)\[LeftDoubleBracket]2, 1\[RightDoubleBracket]; 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\[IndentingNewLine]z = ans\/ans\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]; \ \[IndentingNewLine]Show[ Graphics[\[IndentingNewLine]{Table[\[IndentingNewLine]Polygon[{\ coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)]}], \[IndentingNewLine]{i, 0, n - 1}], \[IndentingNewLine]{GrayLevel[0.5], Polygon[{coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket]], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket]], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]]}]}, \[IndentingNewLine]{GrayLevel[0], Table[{\[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[0], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)], coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]3\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)]}], \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{coord[ z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]5\[RightDoubleBracket] \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]4\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^i], coord[z\[LeftDoubleBracket]6\[RightDoubleBracket] \ \[Omega]\^\(i + 1\)]}]}, {i, 0, n - 1}]}}], AspectRatio \[Rule] Automatic]]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Show[GraphicsArray[Table[triAnnulus[i], {i, 3, 7}]]]\)], "Input", CellTags->"FIG annulus for triangular meshes"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[\(\[SkeletonIndicator] GraphicsArray \[SkeletonIndicator]\), False, Editable->False]], "Output"] }, Closed]] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Extracting submeshes for regularity testing on Loop's scheme", \ "Subsubsection"], Cell[TextData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(submesh\)]], " defines the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(4\[Times]4\)]], " submesh centered over the two gray triangles above." }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{\(subMesh[x_]\), ":=", RowBox[{"(", "\[NoBreak]", GridBox[{ {\(1\/x\), "0", \(x\^2\), \(\(x\^2\ \((1 + 13\ x + x\^2)\)\)\/\(\((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\)\)}, {\(3\/\(1 + x\)\), "1", "x", \(\(3\ x\^2\)\/\(1 + x\)\)}, {\(\(2 + 32\ x + 87\ x\^2 + 55\ x\^3 + 7\ x\^4\)\/\(\((1 + x)\)\ \((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\ \((1 + 3\ x + x\^2)\)\)\), \(\(1 + 13\ x + x\^2\)\/\(\((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\)\), \(\(3\ x\)\/\(1 + x\)\), \(\(x\ \((1 + 13\ x + x\^2)\)\)\/\(\((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\)\)}, {\(\(x\ \((25 + 195\ x + 459\ x\^2 + 355\ x\^3 + 89\ x\^4 + 5\ x\^5)\)\)\/\(\((1 + x)\)\ \((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\ \((1 + 3\ x + x\^2)\)\^2\)\), \(\(3\ x\ \((5 \ + 23\ x + 5\ x\^2)\)\)\/\(\((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\ \((1 + 3\ x + x\^2)\)\)\), \(\(x\ \((7 + 55\ x + 87\ x\^2 + 32\ x\^3 + 2\ x\^4)\)\)\/\(\((1 + x)\)\ \((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\ \((1 + 3\ x + x\^2)\)\)\), \(\(x\ \((2 + 32\ x + 87\ x\^2 + 55\ x\^3 + 7\ x\^4)\)\)\/\(\((1 + x)\)\ \((2 + x)\)\ \((1 + 2\ x)\)\ \((1 + 3\ x + x\^2)\)\)\)} }], "\[NoBreak]", ")"}]}]], "Input", InitializationCell->True], Cell[TextData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(normMesh\)]], " separates ", Cell[BoxData[ \(submesh\)]], " into real and imaginary parts using ", Cell[BoxData[ \(x = \[Omega]\_n\)]], ". Note that ", Cell[BoxData[ \(normMesh\)]], " takes a few seconds to compute!" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(normMesh[ n_] = \[IndentingNewLine]\(Map[coord, subMesh[Cos[\(2 \[Pi]\)\/n] + \[ImaginaryI]\ Sin[\(2\ \ \[Pi]\)\/n]] // FullSimplify, {2}] // ComplexExpand\) // FullSimplify;\)\)], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(displaySubmesh\)]], " display the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(4\[Times]4\)]], " submesh" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(displaySubMesh[net_] := \[IndentingNewLine]Show[ Graphics[{{GrayLevel[0.5], Polygon[{net\[LeftDoubleBracket]2, 2\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]3, 2\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]3, 3\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]2, 3\[RightDoubleBracket]}]}, \[IndentingNewLine]Table[\ \[IndentingNewLine]Line[{net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1, j\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1, j + 1\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j + 1\[RightDoubleBracket], net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1, j + 1\[RightDoubleBracket]}], \[IndentingNewLine]{i, \ \(Dimensions[net]\)\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}, {j, \(Dimensions[ net]\)\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}]\[IndentingNewLine]}], AspectRatio \[Rule] Automatic]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True], Cell["Draw some example submeshes", "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Show[ GraphicsArray[ Table[displaySubMesh[normMesh[i]], {i, 3, 7}]]]\)], "Input", CellTags->"FIG 3x3 submesh"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[\(\[SkeletonIndicator] GraphicsArray \[SkeletonIndicator]\), False, Editable->False]], "Output"] }, Closed]] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Code for constructing limit meshes", "Subsubsection"], Cell[TextData[{ "The imaginary parts is divided by ", Cell[BoxData[ \(Sin[\(2 \[Pi]\)\/n]\)]], ". Note that this is done symbolically and allows direct evaluation at ", Cell[BoxData[ \(n = \[Infinity]\)]], ". (Be patient, it takes a while to do this symbolically!)" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(limitMesh[ n_] = \[IndentingNewLine]\(Map[ Function[x, coord[x]*{1, Csc[\(2 \[Pi]\)\/n]}], subMesh[Cos[\(2 \[Pi]\)\/n] + \[ImaginaryI]\ Sin[\(2\ \ \[Pi]\)\/n]] // FullSimplify, {2}] // ComplexExpand\) // FullSimplify;\)\)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Show[ GraphicsArray[{displaySubMesh[limitMesh[8]], displaySubMesh[limitMesh[16]], displaySubMesh[limitMesh[32]], displaySubMesh[limitMesh[\[Infinity]]]}]]\)], "Input", CellTags->"FIG limit meshes"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[\(\[SkeletonIndicator] GraphicsArray \[SkeletonIndicator]\), False, Editable->False]], "Output"] }, Closed]] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ Code for testing the regularity of a uniform subdivision schemes on a given \ mesh\ \>", "Subsubsection", CellTags->"SUBSEC regularity test"], Cell[TextData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(jacobian[net]\)]], " takes a tensor product mesh in the plane and determines whether the \ corresponding surface is regular under the assumption that derivative schemes \ for the two mesh directions have non\[Hyphen]negative basis functions and \ satisfy the convex hull property. ", Cell[BoxData[ \(jacobian\)]], " returns an interval bounding the value of the Jacobian of the domain." }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{\(jacobian[net_]\), ":=", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"With", "[", RowBox[{\({d = \(Dimensions[net]\)\[LeftDoubleBracket]{1, 2}\[RightDoubleBracket]}\), ",", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"With", "[", RowBox[{\({\[IndentingNewLine]xs = Table[net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1, j, 1\[RightDoubleBracket] - net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j, 1\[RightDoubleBracket], {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket]}], \ \[IndentingNewLine]xt = Table[net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j + 1, 1\[RightDoubleBracket] - net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j, 1\[RightDoubleBracket], {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}], \[IndentingNewLine]ys = Table[net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i + 1, j, 2\[RightDoubleBracket] - net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j, 2\[RightDoubleBracket], {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket]}], \ \[IndentingNewLine]yt = Table[net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j + 1, 2\[RightDoubleBracket] - net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j, 2\[RightDoubleBracket], {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}]}\), ",", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Det", "[", RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {\(Interval[{Min[xs], Max[xs]}]\), \(Interval[{Min[xt], Max[xt]}]\)}, {\(Interval[{Min[ys], Max[ys]}]\), \(Interval[{Min[yt], Max[yt]}]\)} }], ")"}], "]"}]}], "]"}]}], "]"}]}]], "Input", InitializationCell->True], Cell[TextData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(regular\)]], " used ", Cell[BoxData[ \(jacobian\)]], " to test if ", Cell[BoxData[ \(net\)]], " is regular. If the result is indeterminate, i.e. the interval bound on \ the Jacobain contains zero, then ", Cell[BoxData[ \(net\)]], " is subdivided using the mask ", Cell[BoxData[ \(s\)]], " and the test is applied a maximum of ", Cell[BoxData[ \(level\)]], " times before failure is assumed. (Note that this code is tailored to ", Cell[BoxData[ \(4\[Times]4\)]], " input nets and ", Cell[BoxData[ \(5\[Times]5\)]], " subdivision masks, i.e. Loop and Catmull\[Hyphen]Clark masks.)" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(regular[net_, s_, level_] := \[IndentingNewLine]If[level < 0, False, If[jacobian[net] > 0, True, False, \[IndentingNewLine]Module[{x, y, d = Dimensions[s], refinedNet}, \[IndentingNewLine]refinedNet = Transpose[ CoefficientList[\[IndentingNewLine]Sum[ net\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j\[RightDoubleBracket] \(x\^\(2 i - 2\)\) y\^\(2 j - 2\), {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1}]*\[IndentingNewLine]Sum[ s\[LeftDoubleBracket]i, j\[RightDoubleBracket] \(x\^\(i - 1\)\) y\^\(j - 1\), {i, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket]}, {j, d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket]}] + \(x\ \^\(2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2\)\) y\^\(2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2\ \), {x, y}], {3, 1, 2}]; \[IndentingNewLine]regular[ refinedNet\[LeftDoubleBracket] Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1, 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 3], Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1, 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 3]\[RightDoubleBracket], s, level - 1] && \[IndentingNewLine]regular[ refinedNet\[LeftDoubleBracket] Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1, 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 3], Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket], 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2]\[RightDoubleBracket], s, level - 1] && \[IndentingNewLine]regular[ refinedNet\[LeftDoubleBracket] Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket], 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2], Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 1, 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 3]\[RightDoubleBracket], s, level - 1] && \[IndentingNewLine]regular[ refinedNet\[LeftDoubleBracket] Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket], 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]1\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2], Range[d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket], 2 d\[LeftDoubleBracket]2\[RightDoubleBracket] - 2]\[RightDoubleBracket], s, level - 1]]]]\)], "Input", InitializationCell->True] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Code for carrying out tests on Loop's scheme", "Subsubsection", CellTags->"SUBSEC loop verification"], Cell[TextData[{ "Check that all valences from ", Cell[BoxData[ \(3\)]], " to ", Cell[BoxData[ \(31\)]], " are regular." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Do", "[", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Print", "[", RowBox[{"regular", "[", RowBox[{\(normMesh[N[i]]\), ",", RowBox[{\(1\/16\), RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"1", "2", "1", "0", "0"}, {"2", "6", "6", "2", "0"}, {"1", "6", "10", "6", "1"}, {"0", "2", "6", "6", "2"}, {"0", "0", "1", "2", "1"} }], ")"}]}], ",", "3"}], "]"}], "]"}], ",", \({i, 3, 31}\)}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Print"] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "Use interval arithmetic to prove that all valences larger than ", Cell[BoxData[ \(31\)]], " are regular for ", Cell[BoxData[ \(limitMesh\)]], "! The proof is complete." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"regular", "[", RowBox[{\(limitMesh[Interval[{32.0, \[Infinity]}]]\), ",", RowBox[{\(1\/16\), RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"1", "2", "1", "0", "0"}, {"2", "6", "6", "2", "0"}, {"1", "6", "10", "6", "1"}, {"0", "2", "6", "6", "2"}, {"0", "0", "1", "2", "1"} }], ")"}]}], ",", "3"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Closed]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, FrontEndVersion->"4.1 for Microsoft Windows", ScreenRectangle->{{0, 1280}, {0, 951}}, AutoGeneratedPackage->None, WindowSize->{1018, 668}, WindowMargins->{{Automatic, 6}, {Automatic, 41}}, Magnification->1.25, StyleDefinitions -> Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Style Definitions", "Subtitle"], Cell["\<\ Modify the definitions below to change the default appearance of all cells in \ a given style. 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